Status Hukum Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV) menurut Hukum Laut Internasional: Peluang dan Tantangan
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Abstract
Penelitian ini akan membahas status hukum UUV menurut Hukum Laut Internasional serta membahas peluang dan tantangan pengaturan terhadap UUV. Terlepas dari manfaat yang diberikan oleh UUV, negara harus merumuskan atau menyepakati status hukum UUV; serta mengatur pengoperasian UUV. Dengan demikian Kerjasama regional sangat perlu dilakukukan. Penelitian ini menggunaka metode penelitian hukum dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan dan konseptual. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa hukum internasional secara eksplisit belum mengatur tentang status hukum UUV. Konvensi ini bahkan tidak konsisten dalam penggunaan terminology ‘ships’ dan ‘vessels’ serta tidak mendefinisikan kapal secara jelas. Sehingga menimbulkan permasalahan terutama dalam menentukan status hukum UUV, apakah UUV dapat dikategorikan sebagai kapal. Karakteristik UNCLOS 1982 sebagai ‘package-deals’ memungkinkan dilakukannya evolutionary interpretation yang dapat memasukkan kapal tanpa awak sebagai kapal yang dimaksud oleh UNCLOS 1982. Meskipun demikian, berkaitan dengan UUV, masih menimbulkan pro dan kontra. Apabila UUV dianggap sebagai kapal, apakah termasuk kapal peneliti atau kapal perang? Atau termasuk dalam other underwater vehicle yang dapat diasumsikan sama dengan kapal selam? Apakah dengan demikian UUV tunduk pada hak-hak pelayaran sebagaimana diatur dalam UNCLOS 1982.
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